What Leonardo da Vinci machine used centrifugal force to pump water?

Leonardo da Vinci designed an early centrifugal pump that used rotating motion to move water.

A centrifugal pump works by spinning fluid outward from a rotating center. The motion increases the water’s velocity, and the pump casing helps convert that movement into pressure and flow. Leonardo’s engineering studies included this principle as part of his investigations of water machines.

The device belongs to a larger group of hydraulic ideas in Leonardo’s notebooks, which also examined canals, fountains, water wheels, and lifting mechanisms. His work was theoretical and experimental, and not every drawing became a constructed machine.

This pump should not be confused with the Archimedes’ screw, which raises water through a rotating helical surface. A centrifugal pump uses an impeller and outward-moving fluid, making its operating principle different from the screw-based design excluded from this question set.