What Leonardo da Vinci machine used a screw mechanism to turn a press?

Leonardo da Vinci studied and designed screw presses that used a threaded screw to apply force. Turning the screw converts rotation into controlled downward pressure, allowing materials to be compressed or shaped.

Screw presses had many possible workshop uses, including pressing paper, extracting liquids, and forming materials. Leonardo’s mechanical studies examined screws, gears, and other devices that could multiply human effort. His drawings often focus on how parts fit and move rather than on one clearly documented commercial machine.

Leonardo did not invent the basic screw principle, which was known in the ancient Mediterranean world and had long been used in presses. His contribution was the detailed analysis and refinement of mechanical arrangements. The screw press should also not be confused with a hydraulic press, which uses fluid pressure rather than a threaded mechanical screw.