What Leonardo da Vinci invention used a screw mechanism to pump water?

Leonardo da Vinci designed screw pumps that used a rotating screw mechanism to raise or move water.

His notebooks contain studies of pumps and hydraulic machines, including versions influenced by the ancient Archimedean screw. A helical surface inside a tube or trough traps water and carries it upward as the screw turns. Such a mechanism can be driven by a crank, wheel, or other power source.

Leonardo’s work belongs to a long history of water-lifting technology rather than representing the first screw pump. The Archimedes screw had been described in antiquity and was already known in Renaissance Europe. The important distinction is that Leonardo analyzed, adapted, and drew hydraulic mechanisms with unusual mechanical detail. A screw pump is also different from a water wheel: a wheel extracts energy from moving water, while a screw pump uses energy to move water.