What Leonardo da Vinci invention combined a pump with a screw to raise water?

Leonardo da Vinci studied and designed versions of the Archimedean screw pump to raise water.

The device uses a helical surface inside a tube or around a central shaft. As the screw turns, pockets of water move upward, allowing the machine to lift water from a lower level to a higher one.

Leonardo did not invent the underlying principle: the device is traditionally associated with Archimedes and was already known in antiquity. Leonardo’s contribution was his detailed Renaissance study and adaptation of hydraulic machinery, including drawings of screw-based mechanisms.

This machine should not be confused with a modern screw propeller or a hydraulic turbine. Its purpose is to transport water through rotation, not to drive a vessel or generate electricity.