What Leonardo da Vinci design used a large horizontal screw to raise water?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a water screw to raise water through a rotating helical mechanism.

His notebooks contain studies of screws and hydraulic machines, including devices intended to lift water. A rotating screw traps water between its spiral surfaces and carries it upward from a lower level to a higher one. The principle is closely related to the ancient Archimedes’ screw.

Leonardo did not invent the basic water screw. Ancient Greek tradition attributes the earlier device to Archimedes, although its exact early history is debated. Leonardo’s contribution was to study, redraw, and adapt hydraulic mechanisms as part of his broader engineering work.

The design is sometimes confused with Leonardo’s aerial screw, which was a proposed flying machine. One moves water; the other was intended to rise through the air.