A corporation controlled by another corporation is called a subsidiary.
A subsidiary is a separate legal entity whose control is held by another company, commonly called the parent company. Control often comes from owning more than half of the subsidiary’s voting shares, although contracts, voting arrangements, or other structures can sometimes create effective control without simple majority ownership.
Because it remains a distinct corporation, a subsidiary can own property, enter contracts, incur debts, and sue or be sued in its own name. Its separate legal identity usually means the parent and subsidiary are not automatically liable for each other’s obligations, though exceptions can arise from guarantees, agency principles, fraud, or failure to respect corporate separateness.
The terms in the choices describe related but different relationships. A holding company is a corporation whose business may primarily consist of owning controlling interests in other companies. An affiliate is generally a related company under common ownership or control, often without the same controlling relationship. The parent company is the controller; the controlled corporation is the subsidiary.