What is the traditional New Year's Eve food custom in the southern United States involving black-eyed peas and greens?

A traditional southern United States New Year's Eve food custom is eating black-eyed peas and greens.

The meal is often called Hoppin' John when black-eyed peas are cooked with rice, and it is associated with prosperity and good luck. Greens, such as collards, are commonly added because their color and appearance suggest money. Cornbread may accompany the meal, with its golden color sometimes linked to wealth.

The custom is particularly associated with the American South and is connected to African American foodways, regional history, and longstanding agricultural traditions. Recipes differ widely: some use pork, onions, spices, or other ingredients, and not every household observes the practice in the same way.

Hoppin' John and the broader peas-and-greens tradition are related but not identical terms. Hoppin' John specifically refers to a dish centered on peas and rice, while a New Year's plate may serve black-eyed peas, greens, cornbread, and other foods separately.