What is the title of the most famous panel on the Sistine Chapel ceiling?

The most famous panel on the Sistine Chapel ceiling is The Creation of Adam.

Michelangelo painted the fresco between 1508 and 1512 for Pope Julius II. It shows God reaching toward Adam, whose nearly touching hand has become one of the most recognizable images in Western art. The scene illustrates the creation of humanity from the Book of Genesis.

The panel is one of nine central scenes from Genesis. It appears within a much larger decorative program containing prophets, Sibyls, ancestors of Christ, and painted architectural elements. Michelangelo was initially expected to paint a simpler scheme, but he persuaded the pope to approve a far more ambitious design.

A common mix-up is The Last Judgment, another major Michelangelo fresco in the Sistine Chapel. It is on the altar wall and was painted later, from 1536 to 1541, rather than on the ceiling. The Creation of Adam is also sometimes called The Creation of Man, but the stored title is the standard English title.