What is the title of Galileo's book that argued for heliocentrism and led to his trial?

Galileo's book that argued for heliocentrism and led to his trial was Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Published in 1632, it compared Nicolaus Copernicus's Sun-centered system with the traditional Ptolemaic Earth-centered system.

Galileo presented the argument as a four-day conversation among three characters: Salviati, who defended the Copernican position; Sagredo, an intelligent and initially neutral participant; and Simplicio, who represented Aristotelian and Ptolemaic ideas. Although the book formally discussed both systems, Galileo's presentation clearly gave the stronger arguments to the heliocentric side.

The work was written in Italian rather than Latin, making it accessible to a broader educated audience. It had received permission for publication, but Church authorities later judged that Galileo had violated restrictions imposed after the 1616 condemnation of heliocentrism. In 1633 he was tried and found vehemently suspect of heresy. The book was placed on the Index and remained there until 1835. The Starry Messenger was also important, but it reported telescopic observations rather than serving as the book central to the trial.