What is the term for wood that has turned to stone through fossilization?

Wood that has turned to stone through fossilization is called petrified wood.

Petrified wood forms when a tree or woody plant is buried rapidly in sediment, often mud or volcanic ash. Mineral-rich groundwater then moves through the buried wood. Silica and other minerals gradually fill its pores and replace parts of the original tissues, preserving the wood’s cellular structure while transforming it into a hard, stone-like fossil.

The process is a form of petrifaction and commonly involves permineralization and mineral replacement. Because the original grain, rings, vessels, and other structures can remain visible, petrified wood is a three-dimensional fossil rather than merely an impression or compression.

Colors may come from trace elements in the minerals: iron can produce reds and yellows, while manganese and copper may create darker or greenish shades. Petrified wood is not the same as amber, which is fossilized tree resin, or coal, which forms mainly from compressed and altered plant matter rather than mineral-replaced wood.