A short, sudden increase in wind speed is called a gust.
A gust is a brief burst above the surrounding or average wind speed, typically followed by a lull. It is produced by turbulent air mixing faster-moving air downward from higher levels, or by obstacles and terrain that disturb the flow. Gusts are usually more pronounced over rough land and near tall buildings than over large, smooth water surfaces.
Meteorologists distinguish a gust from a squall. A gust generally lasts less than about 20 seconds, while a squall is a stronger, more sustained increase that can last several minutes and may accompany a weather front or shower. A gale describes a range of sustained wind strength, not simply a brief burst.
Wind speed is measured with an anemometer, while a windsock provides a visual estimate of direction and relative strength. In aviation weather reports, gusts are specifically noted when peak speeds vary substantially from the mean wind. This makes gust information important for aircraft operations, boating, construction, and outdoor safety.