What is the term for a company's own stock that it has repurchased from shareholders?

A company’s own stock that it has repurchased from shareholders is called treasury stock.

A corporation may buy back its previously issued shares through the open market, a tender offer, or another repurchase program. Those shares become treasury stock when the company holds them rather than leaving them in outside investors’ hands. They are usually presented as a deduction from shareholders’ equity, not as an asset.

Treasury shares generally have no voting rights and do not receive dividends while the company holds them. A business may later reissue them to investors, use them in employee compensation plans, or retire them permanently. Repurchases can reduce the number of shares outstanding and may increase earnings per share if profits remain unchanged, although the financial and strategic effects depend on the purchase price and circumstances.

Treasury stock is not the same as preferred or common stock as a class. It describes issued shares that the company has reacquired; the shares may originally have been common or preferred.