What is the scientific name of the European garden spider?

The scientific name of the European garden spider is Araneus diadematus.

This orb-weaving spider belongs to the family Araneidae and is also called the cross orbweaver, diadem spider, cross spider, or crowned orb weaver. Carl Alexander Clerck formally described it in 1757. Its species name refers to the crown-like pattern of pale markings across the abdomen.

The most recognizable feature is a series of white spots that form a cross on the dorsal abdomen. These markings are produced by cells containing guanine, a byproduct of protein metabolism. Body color varies widely, from pale yellow to dark gray, so the cross pattern is more useful for recognition than overall coloration.

Although native to Europe, Araneus diadematus has become established across much of North America, from southern Canada to Mexico. Females are generally larger than males and build the familiar circular orb webs used to intercept flying insects. A surprising neighboring fact is that European garden spiders were the first spiders sent into space, aboard Skylab 3. The common name “pumpkin spider” can cause confusion because it is also used for another species, Araneus marmoreus.