What is the nickname of Haydn's Symphony No. 94?

The nickname of Haydn's Symphony No. 94 is the “Surprise” Symphony. Joseph Haydn composed it in 1791 during his first visit to England, and it became the second of his twelve London symphonies.

The nickname comes from the second movement, an Andante theme and variations. A very soft opening suddenly erupts into a fortissimo chord from the full orchestra, including timpani. The jolt occurs at the end of the theme's first 16 measures, creating the famous musical surprise.

Haydn reportedly said he wanted to astonish the audience and make a brilliant impression in London. The symphony premiered at the Hanover Square Rooms on March 23, 1792, with Haydn himself leading the orchestra. A common mix-up is confusing it with his Symphony No. 45, the “Farewell” Symphony, or Symphony No. 101, the “Clock” Symphony.