What is the New Year's Eve tradition of jumping seven waves especially associated with in Brazil?

In Brazil, jumping seven waves on New Year's Eve is especially associated with Iemanjá celebrations.

Iemanjá is an important orixá associated with the sea in Afro-Brazilian religions, particularly Candomblé and Umbanda. During Réveillon, many people go to the coast to offer flowers or gifts and make wishes connected with the sea. The seven waves are commonly linked to the number seven and to the orixá associated with each wave in popular practice.

The custom is especially visible in coastal cities, including Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. Participants may jump each wave while making a wish, often taking care not to turn their backs on the sea while leaving. Practices differ among individuals and religious communities, so there is no single universal ceremony.

Iemanjá observances are distinct from Brazil's general New Year's party customs. Fireworks, white clothing, music, and beach gatherings may occur alongside the religious or spiritual rituals without being identical to them.