The small Saturn moon that shares its name with the mythological jar story is Pandora.
Pandora is an irregularly shaped satellite of Saturn and acts as a shepherd moon for the planet’s narrow F ring. Its gravity helps confine and shape material in that ring, together with the nearby moon Prometheus. Pandora is therefore part of a real planetary system whose naming draws on figures from Greek mythology.
Voyager 1 images revealed Pandora in 1980, and the International Astronomical Union later approved the name. The moon is only a few dozen kilometres across, making it tiny compared with Saturn’s major satellites such as Titan and Rhea. Its irregular shape and bright, ring-associated environment distinguish it from the much larger spherical moons.
Pandora is frequently confused with Prometheus because both moons are associated with Saturn’s F ring. Prometheus is the inner shepherd, while Pandora is the outer shepherd. Neither moon is the source of the modern expression “open Pandora’s box”; that phrase comes from the Greek myth and later retellings.