The ruling ideology of Oceania's party in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is Ingsoc. The term is Newspeak for “English Socialism,” although the regime it describes is a totalitarian system built around power, surveillance and ideological control.
In the novel, Ingsoc governs Oceania through the Party, whose public symbols include Big Brother, the Thought Police and the slogan “Big Brother is watching you.” The Party controls not only citizens' actions but also language, historical records and the boundaries of acceptable thought.
Newspeak is often mistaken for the ideology itself. It is actually Oceania's engineered official language, designed to narrow vocabulary and make independent or oppositional thought increasingly difficult. Big Brother is the Party's symbolic leader, while Oceania is the superstate in which the Party rules.
Orwell published Nineteen Eighty-Four in 1949, drawing on his concerns about totalitarianism, propaganda and the political manipulation of truth. Ingsoc is therefore fictional, but its mechanisms—censorship, surveillance and rewritten history—give the novel its lasting political force.