The Japanese laboratory module on the ISS is called Kibō.
Kibō, which means “Hope” in Japanese, is officially known as the Japanese Experiment Module, or JEM. It was developed by Japan’s space agency, JAXA, as the country’s major contribution to the International Space Station. The complex includes a pressurized laboratory, an exposed facility for experiments in open space, storage sections, and a robotic arm.
Kibō was assembled in orbit over three Space Shuttle missions: STS-123, STS-124, and STS-127, between 2008 and 2009. Its main pressurized laboratory was attached to the Harmony module. Inside, astronauts conduct experiments in fields such as biology, materials science, fluid physics, and space medicine.
A frequent mistake is choosing Columbus, Destiny, or Tranquility. Those are different ISS modules: Columbus is Europe’s laboratory, Destiny is NASA’s laboratory, and Tranquility is a utility and life-support node. Kibō is also the ISS’s largest single module, making it especially easy to identify by its size and distinctive external experiment platform.