The Japanese Buddhist tradition of ringing bells 108 times on New Year's Eve is called Joya no Kane.
At Buddhist temples across Japan, the bell is struck around the transition from the old year to the new one. The 108 ringings are commonly associated with the 108 worldly desires or attachments, known in Buddhist thought as the sources of human suffering. Each toll symbolically helps dispel one of these burdens and prepares people to begin the year with a clearer mind.
The practice has older roots in Chinese Buddhist temple customs. It was introduced to Japanese Zen temples during the Kamakura period, from 1185 to 1333. During the Muromachi period, from 1333 to 1573, the custom developed into a New Year's Eve event known as Joya no Kane.
The names in the wrong options describe related Japanese New Year concepts. Shogatsu is the New Year season, Omisoka is New Year's Eve itself, and Hatsumode is the first shrine or temple visit of the year. Joya no Kane specifically refers to the bell-ringing ritual. Not every temple rings exactly 108 times, and some vary the timing or number.