What is the name of the deepest known oceanic trench on Earth?

The Mariana Trench is the deepest known oceanic trench on Earth.

The Mariana Trench lies in the western Pacific Ocean, east of the Mariana Islands. Its deepest known point is Challenger Deep, which reaches roughly 10,900 meters below sea level, although measurements vary slightly according to the equipment and reference system used. The trench formed at a subduction zone where the Pacific Plate is forced beneath the Philippine Sea Plate.

Challenger Deep was first reached by humans in 1960, when Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descended in the bathyscaphe Trieste. Film director James Cameron made a solo descent in 2012 in the Deepsea Challenger. Later crewed and uncrewed missions have continued to survey the region.

The extreme pressure at the bottom is more than 1,000 times atmospheric pressure at sea level. Despite the darkness, cold, and pressure, scientists have found specialized organisms there. The trench is sometimes described as deeper than Mount Everest is high, though that comparison depends on how the depths and heights are measured.