The church spire in The Starry Night’s village is identified with Saint-Martin.
The tall pointed steeple rises from the small settlement beneath Van Gogh’s turbulent sky. It resembles the spire of the Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, the town near the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum where Van Gogh stayed in 1889.
The identification needs a little context: the village itself is not a literal view copied from one location. Van Gogh worked from the landscape visible from his asylum window but altered major elements, including the cypress, the village, and the church spire. MoMA notes that the church and village were not visible from the window in exactly the form shown.
A common mix-up is Saint-Paul, which refers to the asylum’s former monastery, or Saint-Rémy, which is the town rather than the church’s name. Saint-Martin is the church dedication associated with the painted steeple.