What is the name of the central bank of the United States?

The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States.

Often called the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed, the system was created by Congress through the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913. Its creation followed repeated financial panics, especially the Panic of 1907, which exposed weaknesses in the country’s banking and payments systems.

The Fed is not the same as the U.S. Treasury. The Treasury is a cabinet department responsible for federal finances, while the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy, supervises certain banks, supports financial stability, and operates key parts of the payments system. The Treasury also produces physical currency through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the U.S. Mint; the Fed puts currency into circulation.

The Federal Reserve System has a Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, and the Federal Open Market Committee. Congress gave monetary policy a dual mandate of maximum employment and stable prices, alongside the goal of moderate long-term interest rates.