What is the name of the atmospheric circulation cell spanning the tropics?

The Hadley cell is the atmospheric circulation cell spanning the tropics.

Near the equator, strong solar heating causes warm, moist air to rise. In the upper troposphere, that air moves toward the subtropics, cools, and descends around 30 degrees north and south latitude. Near the surface, the air returns toward the equator as the trade winds, completing the circulation.

Earth’s rotation deflects moving air through the Coriolis effect, helping produce the northeast and southeast trade winds. The rising branch is associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, a belt of frequent clouds and thunderstorms. The Hadley cell shifts seasonally as the zone of strongest heating moves.