The Köppen code for a subarctic climate with cold winters and no dry season is Dfc. In this code, D marks a continental climate, f means no dry season, and c indicates a cool subarctic summer rather than the more severe winter category represented by d.
Dfc is the most common subarctic subtype. It occurs across broad parts of Siberia, Alaska, Canada, northern Scandinavia, and high mountain regions. These places typically have long, cold winters and short summers, with only one to three months averaging above 10°C. Precipitation may be limited overall because cold air holds little moisture, yet it is not concentrated into a formally defined dry season.
The main mix-up is with Dfb, which also has no dry season but has a longer, warmer summer and belongs to the humid continental group. Dwc has a dry winter, while Dfd describes a more severely cold subarctic climate, with the coldest month averaging at or below −38°C.