What is the chemical formula of methane?

The chemical formula of methane is CH4. It shows that each methane molecule contains one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.

Methane is the simplest alkane and the main component of natural gas. Its carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds, giving the molecule a roughly tetrahedral shape. Under ordinary conditions, methane is a colorless, odorless gas and is highly flammable.

Methane is produced naturally by microorganisms in oxygen-free environments such as wetlands, landfills, and the digestive systems of ruminant animals. It is also released during fossil-fuel extraction. Burning methane with oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water, releasing substantial heat.

A common mix-up is confusing CH4 with C2H6, which is ethane. The subscript 4 is important: it represents hydrogen's bonding pattern around a single carbon atom. Methane is also a powerful greenhouse gas, even though it is present in the atmosphere at much lower concentrations than carbon dioxide.