The Moon’s surface gravity is approximately one-sixth that of Earth’s. More precisely, lunar surface gravity is about 1.625 meters per second squared, or roughly 16.6% of Earth’s average surface gravity. A person or object therefore weighs about one-sixth as much on the Moon, even though its mass does not change.
The Moon has much less gravity because it is both smaller and less massive than Earth. Its mass is about 1/81 of Earth’s, and its radius is about one-quarter of Earth’s. Gravity depends on both mass and distance from the center, so the Moon’s smaller size and mass produce a substantially weaker gravitational pull.
This fact is often confused with the idea that objects fall one-sixth as fast. Their acceleration during a fall is indeed much lower, but astronauts and equipment still retain the same mass and inertia. The reduced gravity enabled Apollo astronauts to make the famous bounding movements seen in lunar footage, while their spacesuits and equipment remained physically just as difficult to move.