What is Pandora called in Greek mythology’s earliest surviving literary account?

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In Greek mythology’s earliest surviving literary account, Pandora is called the first woman.

Hesiod introduces her in the eighth-century BCE poem Works and Days as a woman fashioned by the gods. His Theogony also refers to the creation of a woman connected with the punishment of humanity, although Works and Days supplies the fuller narrative surrounding her arrival and vessel.

Calling Pandora the first woman distinguishes her mythological role from later popular images of her as merely the person who opened a container. In Hesiod, her creation is part of Zeus’s response to Prometheus’s theft of fire. The gods give her beauty, clothing, skills, and other attributes before she is sent to Epimetheus.

Modern summaries sometimes describe Pandora as a goddess because the gods made her and endowed her with gifts. Hesiod, however, presents her as a mortal woman associated with the beginning of human affliction, not as an Olympian deity.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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