What is a small tailless black dog called?

A small tailless black dog is called a Schipperke. This Belgian breed is compact, energetic, and usually recognized by its black coat, pointed ears, and fox-like face.

The Schipperke developed in Belgium, particularly around the historic regions of Antwerp, Leuven, and Brussels. It was used as a watchdog and vermin hunter, including on canal boats and in dockyards. Its name is often associated with Flemish words meaning “little shepherd” or “little captain,” reflecting the breed’s working background and connection with waterways.

Schipperkes are not naturally required to be completely tailless. Some are born with very short tails, while others historically had their tails docked; docking is restricted or prohibited in many countries. Black is the traditional and most common color, although some breed standards and registries recognize rarer cream or reddish coats. Their small size can be misleading: they are alert, active dogs with a strong independent streak.