What fish has two pairs of barbels and is native to Eurasia?

The fish with two pairs of barbels that is native to Eurasia is the common carp.

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, have four barbels in total: one pair at the corners of the upper lip and a second pair lower on the mouth. These whisker-like sensory structures help the fish investigate food buried in soft sediment. Carp use suction to pick up mud and debris, then sort edible material with their mouth and pharyngeal teeth.

The species is native to Europe and parts of Asia, including the drainage basins associated with the Danube, Black, Caspian, and Aral seas. Its history with humans is ancient: carp farming dates back to Roman times, and European monks later helped spread carp culture between the 13th and 16th centuries.

Tench and grass carp are also members of the carp family, but they do not match this characteristic combination of two barbel pairs. Wels catfish has prominent barbels too, but it belongs to the catfish order and has a very different body form. Koi are ornamental domesticated carp varieties, not a separate answer to this question.