The caganer is the figure traditionally hidden in Catalan nativity scenes as a humorous Christmas custom.
A traditional caganer is a small person shown squatting while defecating, usually placed somewhere discreet in a nativity scene. The figure is associated with Catalonia and is commonly dressed in a red Catalan cap called a barretina and ordinary rural clothing.
The custom became established in Catalan nativity displays around the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. Explanations vary, but some interpretations connect the figure with fertilizing the earth and bringing good fortune for the coming year.
Modern caganer figures may portray famous politicians, athletes, entertainers, and fictional characters. The caganer is not the same as the Tió de Nadal: the latter is a Christmas log that children traditionally beat to reveal gifts.