What crash-test dummy family is standard for frontal crash tests?

The Hybrid III is the standard crash-test dummy family for frontal crash tests.

The original 50th-percentile male Hybrid III first appeared in 1976 and represented an average North American adult male of its era. It became the familiar instrument used to measure forces and movements experienced by occupants during a crash.

The family later expanded beyond the original male model. It includes a 95th-percentile male, a 5th-percentile female, and child dummies representing approximately three-year-old and six-year-old children. Despite the name, the early 5th-percentile female model was based largely on the male dummy's body shape.

Hybrid III is commonly confused with specialized dummies such as BioRID, which is designed for rear-impact whiplash research, and EuroSID, which is associated with side-impact testing. Hybrid III models are also used in regulatory and consumer crash programs, but the exact model depends on the occupant size and test protocol.