What continent has no native amphibians?

Antarctica is the continent with no native amphibians. Its extreme cold, frozen ground and scarcity of suitable freshwater habitats prevent frogs, salamanders and caecilians from maintaining natural populations there.

Amphibians usually depend on moisture because their permeable skin can dry out easily, and many reproduce in water. Even species adapted to deserts or cold climates need conditions that Antarctica’s polar environment does not reliably provide. The continent’s terrestrial animal life is therefore dominated by invertebrates, seabirds and marine mammals, with very few land vertebrates.

This question refers to native wildlife, not every animal that might be transported or kept by people. Antarctica’s surrounding Southern Ocean supports a rich marine ecosystem, but that does not mean the continent has native land amphibians.

Australia is a common mix-up because it has unusual and highly specialized amphibians, including tree frogs and burrowing frogs. Asia and Europe also support many native amphibian species. Antarctica’s isolation and climate make it the only continent without a native amphibian fauna.