What condition is characterized by an imbalance of salts or chemicals in the blood?

The condition characterized by an imbalance of salts or chemicals in the blood is an electrolyte imbalance. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals, including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate, that circulate in body fluids and help cells function.

These minerals regulate nerve signals, muscle contractions, hydration and the heart's electrical rhythm. Sodium and chloride are major components of ordinary table salt, while potassium is especially important for communication between nerves and muscles. The kidneys, hormones and digestive system normally keep electrolyte levels within a narrow range.

An imbalance can result from dehydration, heavy sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney disease or certain medicines such as diuretics. Low blood sodium is called hyponatremia; high sodium is hypernatremia. Symptoms may include weakness, cramps, confusion or irregular heartbeat, depending on the electrolyte involved and how quickly the imbalance develops.