The person portraying Saint Lucia traditionally wears a white gown. In Scandinavian processions, the white dress represents purity and is often interpreted as a baptismal robe.
The gown is usually paired with a red sash, which symbolizes the blood of Lucia’s martyrdom. A crown or wreath of candles completes the costume, turning the figure into a visual emblem of light during the dark season. Girls and, in many modern celebrations, other participants lead processions through schools, churches, workplaces, and care homes.
The white gown belongs to the Scandinavian form of the tradition, which developed into its modern shape mainly during the 19th and 20th centuries. It should not be confused with depictions of Saint Lucy in religious art, where clothing varies by period and artist. The familiar Lucia costume is specifically the white dress, red sash, and candle crown.