The Persian is the cat breed known for a flat face and a long, fluffy coat. It is also called the Persian Longhair and is recognized for its round head, large eyes, short muzzle, and luxurious fur.
Persians became established in European cat fancy during the 19th century, although long-haired cats from Persia, Afghanistan, and nearby regions had arrived in Europe earlier. The exact ancestry and route of the original cats are not completely certain. Selective breeding later produced the modern show-style appearance.
Not every Persian has the same degree of facial flatness. Traditional, or “doll-face,” Persians retain a more projecting muzzle, while modern “peke-face” or ultra-typed Persians have a much shorter nose. Extreme brachycephaly can contribute to breathing, eye, dental, and birthing problems, which is why the breed’s appearance is sometimes discussed alongside animal-welfare concerns.
Persians need frequent brushing because their dense coat mats easily. The Sphynx is nearly hairless, the Siamese has a short coat and color-point pattern, and the Maine Coon is long-haired but typically has a less flattened face.