What Aztec codex is named after the first viceroy of New Spain?

The Aztec codex named after the first viceroy of New Spain is the Codex Mendoza. It was created around 1541, roughly two decades after the fall of Tenochtitlan, at the request of Antonio de Mendoza, who became New Spain’s first viceroy in 1535.

The manuscript combines Indigenous pictorial conventions with Spanish explanatory glosses. Its three main sections describe the history of Mexica rulers and conquests, the tribute demanded from subject communities, and aspects of everyday life, including social roles, education, punishments, and household activities.

The codex is especially valuable because it preserves information about Mexica society after many pre-conquest records had been destroyed or dispersed. It is not a purely pre-Hispanic document: Indigenous artists and scribes produced its images in the early colonial period, while Spanish translators added written explanations. It is now held by the Bodleian Libraries in Oxford, England.