What automotive term describes a gear ratio that lets the engine turn slower than the driveshaft to save fuel at cruising speed?

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The automotive term for a gear ratio that lets the engine turn slower than the driveshaft during cruising is overdrive.

In an overdrive ratio, the transmission output rotates faster than the transmission input. In a conventional rear-wheel-drive layout, this means the driveshaft can turn faster than the engine, reducing engine revolutions for a given road speed. Modern usage also describes any high gear with a ratio below 1:1 as an overdrive gear.

Lower engine speed can reduce fuel consumption, mechanical wear, and cabin noise, especially during steady highway driving. The benefit is not automatic in every situation: if the engine is operating outside its most efficient load range, or if the vehicle is climbing or towing, the transmission may shift back to a lower gear.

Older vehicles often used a separate, bolt-on overdrive unit. As transmissions gained more gears, manufacturers generally integrated overdrive ratios into the main gearbox. The term is therefore not the same as kickdown, which commands a downshift for stronger acceleration, or underdrive, which increases engine speed relative to the output.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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