What atmospheric layer contains nearly all of Earth's weather?

The troposphere is the atmospheric layer containing nearly all of Earth’s weather.

It is the lowest major layer of the atmosphere, extending from Earth’s surface to an average height of about 12 kilometres. Its upper boundary is the tropopause, which is higher near the equator and lower near the poles.

The troposphere contains most of the atmosphere’s water vapour and about 75% of its mass. Heating from Earth’s surface drives convection in this layer, producing clouds, winds, rain and storms.

The stratosphere lies above it and contains the ozone layer, but ordinary weather generally does not occur there. The troposphere is also where commercial aircraft often fly near the boundary with the stratosphere to avoid some turbulence.