The astronomical term for the Sun’s apparent annual path on the celestial sphere is the ecliptic.
The ecliptic is the line or great-circle path the Sun appears to trace against the background stars over one year. This apparent motion is caused by Earth’s revolution around the Sun: as Earth changes position in its orbit, the Sun seems to shift eastward among the constellations. The ecliptic is also used to mean the plane of Earth’s orbit, with small technical distinctions depending on the definition being used.
The word is linked to eclipses because solar and lunar eclipses occur when the Moon crosses, or comes close to, this plane. The Moon’s orbit is tilted about 5.1 degrees relative to the ecliptic, so an eclipse does not happen every month. The planets also appear near the ecliptic because their orbital planes are broadly similar to Earth’s.
The zenith is the point directly overhead, the meridian is a north-south reference line in the sky, and the celestial equator projects Earth’s equator onto the celestial sphere. None names the Sun’s yearly path.