Gothic architecture is characterized by pointed arches and flying buttresses.
The style emerged in 12th-century France, where builders combined pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and new forms of external support. The pointed arch helped distribute weight more efficiently than a semicircular arch, while flying buttresses carried the sideways thrust of high stone vaults away from the walls. This allowed churches to rise higher and use larger windows filled with stained glass.
The rebuilding of the choir at the Abbey of Saint-Denis near Paris, begun around 1140, is often treated as an early landmark in Gothic architecture. The style spread across Europe and developed into regional forms such as English Decorated and Perpendicular Gothic, French Rayonnant and Flamboyant Gothic, and German Gothic.
Romanesque buildings generally use rounded arches and heavier walls, making Romanesque the most likely mix-up in this question. Renaissance and Baroque are later styles with different architectural ideals. The word “Gothic” was originally a Renaissance-era insult linking the style to supposedly uncivilized Goths, not the name used by its medieval creators.