What 1424 battle confirmed English control of northern France?

The Battle of Verneuil confirmed English control of northern France in 1424. The English victory defeated a major Franco-Scottish army near Verneuil in Normandy.

The battle was fought on 17 August 1424, while France was still recovering from the catastrophe at Agincourt. An English army led by John, Duke of Bedford, and the Earl of Salisbury met French and Scottish forces commanded by prominent nobles including the Counts of Douglas and Buchan. Milanese heavy cavalry also fought for the Franco-Scottish side.

English archers and dismounted men-at-arms eventually broke the allied army. The Scottish contingent suffered especially severe losses, including the deaths of Douglas and Buchan. English chroniclers later called Verneuil a “second Agincourt.” The victory strengthened English authority in Normandy and surrounding northern territories and sharply reduced Scotland’s ability to send a large army to support France. It did not end the war, however: French resistance later revived under Charles VII and Joan of Arc.