Under what pseudonym were The Federalist Papers published?

The Federalist Papers were published under the pseudonym Publius.

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay used the shared name while arguing for ratification of the proposed United States Constitution. The essays first appeared in New York newspapers between October 1787 and May 1788, and the collected work eventually contained 85 papers.

Hamilton selected Publius in reference to Publius Valerius Publicola, a Roman statesman associated with the founding of the Roman Republic. Using a classical name was common in eighteenth-century political writing, and it allowed the authors to emphasize their arguments rather than their personal reputations.

The authorship of the essays was initially concealed, although readers soon suspected Hamilton, Madison, and Jay. Modern scholarship generally assigns 51 essays to Hamilton, 29 to Madison, and five to Jay. The Federalist Papers are now frequently cited for insight into the Constitution's structure and the arguments made during ratification.