The sheet of connective tissue that surrounds muscles and other structures throughout the body, targeted in “myofascial release,” is called fascia. Rather than being a single isolated sheet, fascia is a continuous network of connective tissues arranged in layers and planes.
Anatomists commonly describe superficial, deep, and visceral fascia. Superficial fascia lies beneath the skin, while deep fascia surrounds and separates muscles, muscle groups, blood vessels, and nerves. Visceral fascia helps support and suspend internal organs. These layers contribute to structural organization and allow neighboring tissues to move relative to one another.
Fascia is rich in collagen and can vary in thickness and stiffness depending on its location and function. It helps transmit mechanical forces, provides pathways and boundaries in the body, and contains sensory receptors involved in proprioception and pain perception. Tendons and ligaments are also connective tissues, but they are more specialized: tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone to bone.
Myofascial release includes hands-on techniques and self-massage methods such as foam rolling. Claims that it permanently “breaks up” adhesions or broadly cures pain remain scientifically contested; evidence for long-term benefits is limited and depends on the condition being treated.