The Narmer Palette is dated to approximately which century BC?

The Narmer Palette is dated to approximately the 31st century BC.

The palette is a finely carved siltstone ceremonial object associated with Narmer, a ruler generally placed at the transition between Egypt’s Predynastic Period and the Early Dynastic Period. Its date is usually given as about 3200–3000 BC, a range that is commonly summarized as the 31st century BC.

Discovered at Hierakonpolis in 1897–1898, the palette contains some of the earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions. Its two principal faces show Narmer in different royal roles, including smiting an enemy and participating in a procession. Many scholars interpret these scenes as references to the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, although the exact historical event represented remains debated.

The palette may nominally be a cosmetic palette, but its large size, elaborate relief decoration, and ritual context suggest that it had a ceremonial or commemorative purpose rather than serving as an ordinary makeup tool. It is now held by the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.