The exercise system developed by Joseph Pilates is called Pilates. It emphasizes controlled movement, core stability, posture, breathing, alignment, flexibility, and whole-body coordination.
Joseph Hubertus Pilates developed the method in the early 20th century and originally called it “Contrology.” During and after World War I, he refined exercises intended to build physical strength and control. He later moved to New York, where he and Clara Pilates taught the method at a studio that attracted dancers and other performers.
Pilates can be practiced on a mat or with specialized equipment. The Reformer uses a moving carriage, springs, pulleys, and straps to provide adjustable resistance. Other apparatuses include the Cadillac, Wunda Chair, and Spine Corrector.
Pilates is often confused with yoga because both may involve controlled movement, breathing, flexibility, and mind-body awareness. They have different histories and exercise traditions, however. Pilates is also not simply an abdominal workout: although the “powerhouse,” or central torso region, is important, the method aims to coordinate the entire body.