On which two dates in November 1938 did Kristallnacht, the Nazi pogrom against Jews, take place?

Kristallnacht, the Nazi pogrom against Jews, took place on 9–10 November 1938.

The violence began after the assassination of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris by Herschel Grynszpan, a Jewish teenager. Nazi leaders used the shooting as a pretext for coordinated attacks across Nazi Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland.

Paramilitary forces, Nazi Party members, and civilians burned or damaged hundreds of synagogues, destroyed Jewish-owned shops, and vandalized homes. German authorities also arrested approximately 30,000 Jewish men and sent many to concentration camps, including Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen.

The name Kristallnacht refers to the broken glass from shattered shop windows, although many historians prefer the term November Pogrom because it emphasizes the organized violence and human suffering. The pogrom marked a major escalation from discriminatory laws to openly violent persecution.