On what date was the Treaty of Paris that recognized U.S. independence signed?

The Treaty of Paris recognizing United States independence was signed on September 3, 1783. The agreement formally ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States.

British negotiator David Hartley signed for King George III, while John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay signed for the United States. The treaty recognized the former Thirteen Colonies as free, sovereign, and independent states and established extensive western and southern boundaries.

The signing date is distinct from both Yorktown’s surrender in 1781 and the treaty’s later ratification. The Confederation Congress ratified the agreement on January 14, 1784, in Annapolis, Maryland. The treaty also addressed fishing rights, debts, prisoners, and the treatment of Loyalist property, making it more than a simple declaration of independence.