On what date was the Nineteenth Amendment ratified, guaranteeing U.S. women's voting rights?

The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920, prohibiting voting discrimination based on sex in the United States.

Congress approved the amendment in June 1919, after decades of organizing by women’s suffrage advocates. Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify it, providing the three-fourths majority required for constitutional amendments at the time.

The amendment’s wording barred the United States and its states from denying or abridging a citizen’s voting rights on account of sex. It did not, however, remove other barriers such as poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation, and discriminatory enforcement that continued to restrict many voters.

The amendment is associated with leaders including Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Alice Paul, and Carrie Chapman Catt. Its ratification was a landmark in the expansion of American democracy.