On what date was Maximilien Robespierre executed?

Maximilien Robespierre was executed on 28 July 1794. He was guillotined in Paris after being overthrown during the coup of 9 Thermidor, Year II, which began on 27 July in the French Revolutionary calendar.

Robespierre had become one of the most influential figures in revolutionary France and a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety. His supporters defended the republic through increasingly severe measures, while the Revolutionary Tribunal and the Law of 22 Prairial helped intensify the Reign of Terror.

After Robespierre delivered a threatening speech on 26 July, Convention deputies feared that he was preparing another purge. He was arrested on 27 July but briefly escaped to the Hôtel de Ville. During the ensuing confrontation, he suffered a severe gunshot wound to the jaw; historians still debate whether it was an attempted suicide or a shot fired by an opposing officer.

The next day, Robespierre and 21 allies were sent to the guillotine without a conventional trial. The event is often described as the end of the Reign of Terror, although executions and political repression continued afterward.